Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Moreover, to date there still is no research that supports whether the criteria used (if used) by corporate executives, as agents of corporations, is in agreement with the various criteria used by theorists and organizational observers to evaluate and measure corporate performance in the area of social responsibility. This body of research aims at presenting CSR in a new light and will examine its possible correlation with the underlying profitability of a company. For an increasing number of global and multinational corporations, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important aspect of conducting business (Aquilera et al, 2005; Hummels, 2004; Mackey et al, 2005; Peloza, 2005). Despite the continuing debate about its meaning and despite the ongoing criticism of CSR as being enacted purely for self-interest 2005). Some theorists speculate that the recent surge in interest is due to corporations seeking to increase market competitiveness (Mackey, 2005; McWilliams & Seigel, 2001). On the other hand, some theorists recommend that firms adopt CSR because doing so can mitigate risk and can actually improve profitability (Godfrey, 2004). Other theorists advise corporations to engage in "profit-maximizing ethics" (Windsor, 2001). In a 2004 review of CSR for the Journal of C... Because of the impetus to compete profitably, and because firms desire to ease the negative affects of recent corporate scandals, such as ENRON and WorldCom, leaders are trying to understand how to satisfy both shareholders and stakeholders. Background of the Study Corporate Social Responsibility is not a new concept; in fact, it has a relatively long history. The North American culture has seen several waves of interest in CSR over the past 50 years. In each wave of interest, there appears to have been a continuation of both the interest in its value (to society and to business) and in CSR's inherent problems (Hummels, 2004). Over the years, organizational observers have noted the problems with CSR and describe them as conceptual vagueness, lack of understanding about which operational mechanisms to use, cost benefit, and the lack of an agreed upon moral foundation (Frederick, 1986, 1994; Hummels, 2004; Porter, 2003). There are several debates raging currently concerning corporate social responsibility. One concerns the issue of, what is referred to as, the "one-size-fits-all" problem. Several writers have stated that it is impractical to assume that one definition and one set of CSR operating principles could satisfy all needs across industries, nations, cultures, and organizations (Banerjee, 2001; Gobbels 2002). Another fundamental debate concerns business priorities; from this perspective, we have the debate about the fundamental purpose of business and to whom any corporation should serve the highest allegiance: the shareholder or the various stakeholders (van Marrewijk, 2003). In the past five years, there has been an intriguing appearance of actual research conducted concerning CSR in use. The attempt to move beyond the

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Research Proposal - Essay Example This is a process which evolves from theoretical to conceptual in observation. The necessity of technology as a staple in our everyday lives led to the emergence of newer strategies to connect businesses and consumers. Such is the current popularity of e-commerce in conducting marketing. Upon careful consideration it is apparent that this is not merely a trend but will continue to be an indispensable marketing tool. Electronic-commerce also known as electronic marketing gives new meaning to the way business is done. Not only is marketing limited to the conventional marketing tools, it now paves the way to search for convergence with clients. The study calls for a deeper analysis of the marketing tools employed by Melbourne Zoo. First, the general attitudes of the visitors need to be identified to be able to know what are the current programs and features of the zoo that entertains them the most. This will be helpful as this could be the bannered attraction for Melbourne Zoo. This would also identify if they are doing enough in terms of satisfying the clientele. Once this is answered, the study aims to concentrate on the integration of e-commerce in the development of its marketing strategies. This is a way to modernize the brand image of the zoo as well as the utilization of current available technology to maximize the potential of the enterprise in its further success through the internet. The researcher feels this to be an important concentration of the study as it is one of the gaps easily identified through research of Melbourne Zoo. Melbourne Zoo currently has as its primary website http://www.zoo.org.au/ which is a comprehensive site that is directed towards the promotion of the zoo. At the same time it posts news and other relevant information. The main problem for this as the researcher sees it is that the website is dedicated to three zoos, collectively known as the Victoria Zoos. First,

A Film Evaluation V For Vendetta English Literature Essay

A Film Evaluation V For Vendetta English Literature Essay V for Vendetta depicts the message of political action and tells the audience it could soon happen to their government one day if they allow it to take control and not take a stand against their government. There are a lot of scenes throughout this film that depicts this message. The plot of V for Vendetta is an interesting story. The film takes place in Great Britain, which does not have the same form of Government that we do in America. Although it does not have the same government, it exposes lessons about the United States Constitution. Remember, remember the Fifth of November, says a man that goes by the name of V, who is preparing to destroy parliament over the Gunpowder Plot. Director James McTeigue portrays in his film, V for Vendetta, the corruption of Great Britains totalitarian Government and a freedom fighter who is wanting to bring them down. Chancellor Adam Sutler (John Hurt) takes over in power and puts fear into his citizens to make sure that they know who is in charge and that it is they, who can only protect them. Hugo Weaving who plays the main character, V, sends out a message to Londons citizen and tells them to stand up against their Government and to not be afraid. Prior to sending out his message on live television, many killings had occurred with the Doctors who were involved at a detention center that William Rookwood was in before he changed his name to V. He sought revenge for what the Doctors did to him and thousands of other innocent people, and he sought to bring justice back to Great Britain. Along the way of Vs plans, he comes across a young woman, Evey Hammond, walking the streets after curfew and two men decide to attack her for disobeying the rules. Of course V saves her and without realizing it, Evey Hammond will soon become his collaborator. Inspector Finch played by Stephen Rea is assigned by the Chancellor to take V down for the terrorist things he has done and before he does more to panic the Chancellors country. After V took over the television station and footage of him was collected by Inspector Finch, the inspector learned for sure that Evey Hammond and V were working together. Inspector Finch was determined to take down V to save his job. As he tries to take down V, he comes across all these questions and mysteries that Vs actions reveal, and he soon start to question his own countrys Government. Many questions appear, are Vs actions constitutional? Is he or is he not a terrorist? V in general is very controversial. James McTeigue is a director who likes to weave politics into his films. The first thing he portrays in the film is terrorism. In V for Vendetta the first thing audiences will notice is that Vs actions are both like a terrorist and like a freedom fighter fighting for Great Britains freedom from a totalitarian government. Killing high government officials and blowing up historical buildings is an act of a terrorist. When the twin towers in New York was brought down by a group of terrorist, many of the U.S. citizens wanted vengeance for their destruction and we went to war are still currently at war in Iraq, but Vs actions might not be like those terrorists. The Old Bailey is the first building V destroys, and it was where major criminal cases happened in Great Britain. There was no justice in the Old Bailey. The Old Bailey was also a historical building, so blowing up this building meant justice and getting rid of the old regime. Vs actions communicate his beliefs, so his actions also teach us about the First Amendment. Freedom of speech could be applied to V. However, with all rules, there are limits to citizens freedom, so Vs ways of communication may be questionable and not protected by freedom of speech. Another lesson in the film is civil liberties. With Chancellor Adam Sutler in power, he has taken all civil liberties from his citizen and replaced them with fear and allowing the government officials to spy on whomever and whenever they want without a warrant. If this happened to the United States, it would violate the Forth Amendment, which gives the right to privacy. In his message on television, V said, Fear got the best of you, and in your panic you turned to the now high chancellor, Adam Sutler. He promised you order, he promised you peace, and all he demanded in return was your silent, obedient consent. This quote shows that Vs mission is to awaken the London citizens and stand up against this cruel Chancellor and other political officials, and take back the peoples right to privacy and other rights. A third lesson is about cruel and unusual punishment. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and If the Eighth Amendment was a part of Great Britains Government, then it would be broken by Eveys torture which she thought was by the Government. Evey Hammond is found at Gordons home and is captured for questioning. She never reveals any secrets of V and refuses to give answers. She chose to go through the torture and beatings even though she could have given up at any time. Here is example of cruel and unusual punishment from Eveys imprisonment: Interrogator: I am instructed to inform you that you have been convicted by special tribunal and that unless you are ready to offer your cooperation you are to be executed. Do you understand what Im telling you? Evey Hammond: Yes. Interrogator: Are you ready to cooperate? Evey Hammond: No. Interrogator: Very well. Escort Ms. Hammond back to her cell. Arrange a detail of six men and take her out behind the chemical shed and shoot her. The scenes of Eveys captivity and the scenes of the young woman pictured in the letter that Evey finds in the wall, gives a crucial image of what Londons citizens went through. The United States Eighth Amendment would be broken by these scenes. These scenes make us aware that our own government can soon become a totalitarian government just like In the film, if we the citizens allow the government to take over and let them make our choices, we the people, will suffer cruel and unusual punishment. The final lesson in the movie is the positive thing citizens can do to save the world. Although V was violent, his actions were good because it did a lot to free Londons citizens from a corrupted Government. He inspired people, got them to rise against their government and to not be afraid. V was a man who stood up and never backed down. V was said to be an idea, believing he could make a difference, someone to remember, Remember, remember the Fifth of November. With this line being repeated through the movie, I have learned this line comes from the Bonfire Prayer, which every Fifth of November, the poem is recited and is declared Guy Fawkes day in England. When the day finally came of the explosion of the Gunpowder Plot, V passed away and passed his plan on to Evey allowing her to have the choice of the freedom of the country or to continue suffering in totalitarian government. She chose to continue Vs plan, causing a domino effect. Another scene in the movie is when V creates the d omino image of his symbol and pushes the first domino over. V is the first domino. Then the ripple effect that is created represents everyone. V is every one of us says Evey to Inspector Finch while watching the explosion. The last domino that is standing is Evey, who controls the next ripple effect. This shows that everyone can be a part of something that could make a difference in the world. Not just making a small change but a big change by influencing the people around you, socially and politically. The fact that director McTeigue created this film in England does not mean it is only relating it to the citizens of England because it can also relate to the citizens of the United States. V for Vendetta depict the message of political action and tells the audience it could soon happen to their government one day if they allow them to take control and not take a stand against their government. V teaches that people should not let fear overcome them and they should stand up for their rights and make a change in society. Everyone is a part of change, from a child to a high class government official. There are a lot of scenes throughout this film that depict this message. If people are not loud and do not stand up to the government, the United States could one day turn into a totalitarian government like in V.

Phish: It’s More Than a Concert Essays -- Essays Papers

Phish: It’s More Than a Concert Phish has inherited the legacy of the Grateful Dead. A responsibility that includes: playing a different set every night, constant jamming and experimenting. Phish is trailed across the country by adoring fans that think their heroes can do no wrong. What makes them so special is that their music winds together. It is full of freedom and happiness. Their lyrics are totally original; they have this weird way of looking at the world and when they express this in their songs it takes you to a whole different level of thinking. Phish is one of the most amazing and unique bands that were ever founded. The music is a cross between bluegrass, folk and rock. The fans would pretty much do anything for this band, as they follow them around the country to different cities. In resemblance to the Grateful Dead (A Jam Band during the 70’s and 80’s), Phish puts on long shows with continuous jams. Each show being completely different from any of the other shows that they have performed drives fans to continue to follow this astonishing band. While each musician attended the University of Vermont, no one would have ever thought that this band would have made it huge. â€Å"Never thought I could make it this far, with a pain in my soul and a whole in my heart, never thought I could never thought I could but when the lights are turning round the wheels are flowing on the ground, the day I burn this whole place down when the circus comes to town† (Trey Anastasio). If one should ever go to a Phish concert you wouldn’t know what to expect because, every show is completely different. The peak of the band’s talent was around 1996 when not many people herd of them. They never made the â€Å"who’s on tour list† ... ...Maine. More than 80,000 fans show up to these events. These events are usually the cause of huge traffic jams and a three day party. People come from all over the world just to experience the sense of community, as well as the intriguing music. Phish presents fascinating, phenomenal music, loyal fans, and spectacular live shows. This band has been together for about 20 years and is still going strong. They have had their ups and downs but they are still together and that’s all that matters to their fans. â€Å"Fame can destroy what you set out to do and all that matters is that we are all still good friends† (Trey Anastasio). The best documentary about Phish is at a concert. I can not explain to you what they are about on paper. I can only give you hints. You need to experience it for yourself, because being at a Phish show is one of the happiest places on earth.

Duchamp’s Nude Ladies, Sexual Organs And `Morbid` Double Aesthetic Standards

Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) was a French artist whose ideas and works had a phenomenal influence on modern art forms. Though Duchamp’s work, ideas, and associations have been linked notably to Dadaism and also to Surrealism, his works could be considered to be very peculiar, and thus defies specific or typical categorisations. Art had a strong influence in Duchamp’s upbringing. His maternal grandfather, Emile Nicolle, was a painter and engraver and Duchamp was exposed to his works from infancy. Two of his senior brothers were also artists – Jacques Villon (1875-1963) who was a painter and a printmaker, and Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918), who was a sculptor. After schooling at the Lycee Corneille in Rouen, France, for seven years (aged 17), Duchamp decided to be an artist though he had showed impressive academic acumen in mathematics. Duchamp was influenced by various art movements. His early paintings while he schooled at Lycee Corneille were more aligned towards Post-Impressionism, Fauvism and Cubism. Some of these works were drawings and watercolour paintings that showed his sister, Suzanne, in different poses. The work of Odilon Redon, a symbolist painter, also influenced Duchamp during his early years of painting. Though Redon’s works were not overtly unacademic, they were quite individualistic. Between 1904 to 1905 when Duchamp was studying at the Academie Julian, he drew and sold humorous cartoons that combined visual and verbal puns to create effect. Also, his association with his eldest brother’s (Jacques Villon) discussion group – the Puteaux Group – may have influenced the Cubist styles that featured in works like Coffee Mill (1911) and Portrait of Chess Players (1911). Read this – Puns in the Importance The Cubic depictions of overlapping frames and the use of multiple perspective featured in these paintings of Duchamp. The first work of Duchamp that caused a major stir and controversy in the art world was his painting – Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912). It could be said to be the fist in a series of artworks that caused ‘explosive’ sentiments about his works – some of admiration and some of abhorrence. The painting depicted a mechanistic nude figure in motion. Cubic influences of fragmentation and synthesis featured prominently in this painting. Duchamp had first presented the painting for exhibition at the Cubist Salon des Independants in France but had to withdraw it, as he was not prepared to change the title of the painting as demanded by the jurists of the exhibition. The following year in 1913, the ‘Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2’ was featured in the Armory Show in New York City where is caused much controversy and became the focus of the exhibition. The New York Herald described it as a â€Å"cyclone in a shingle factory†. (â€Å"Encyclopedia Britannica†, http://www. britannica. com/eb/topic-172862/Marcel-Duchamp) The ‘success’ in New York precipitated more exhibitions and works there and it was in New York that he became associated with Dadaism. Dadaism as an art form or movement, sort to present a radical way of liberating the individual from the confines of logic and reason. Hence, â€Å"Dada was spontaneous, contradictory and paradoxical; revolting against traditional social and artistic values. † (â€Å"Hsiu-Li Kuo†: 8) Duchamp himself, through his associations with Dadaism defined it as â€Å"the nonconformist spirit which has existed in every century, every period since man is man†. (quoted in Dada and Surrealism, 11) In pushing the boundaries of art beyond orthodoxy, Duchamp invented ‘ready-made art’. This entailed the use or presentation of everyday objects as a designation of art. Materials like wood, cardboard, nails, wire, paper, etc, were put together or assembled into sculptures. A typical example is Duchamp’s ‘Disturbed Balance’. The level of unconventionalism depicted in Duchamp’s work could be said to represent a ‘mockery’ of art. To Duchamp, the â€Å"significance of art was revealed in the act of making it, and this act should be able to critically challenge the existing value system. â€Å"Hsiu-Li Kuo†: 8) According to the Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å"His irreverence for conventional aesthetic standards led him to devise his famous ready-mades and heralded an artistic revolution. † (http://www. britannica. com/eb/topic-172862/Marcel-Duchamp) Based on his invented ‘ready-made art’ Duchamp came up ‘ Bicycle Wheel’ in 1913. This ready-made art featured a bicycle wheel that had been mounted on a stool. In 1914, Duchamp produced another ready made art – the ‘Bottle Rack’ – a signed bottle drying rack, and in 1915, he produced ‘Prelude to a Broken Arm’. (â€Å"Calvin Tomkins†) Perhaps, the ready-made art that shocked the art world the most was ‘Fountain’ produced in 1917. The ‘Fountain’ was a urinal presented as an artwork, with a signed pseudonym, R. Mutt. (â€Å"Calvin Tomkins†) This work was rejected from being exhibited by the Society of Independent Artists causing Duchamp to resign from its board. The exhibition committee had held that the ‘Fountain’ was not an art work hence their decision not to allow it to be exhibited. Evidently, Duchamp’s concept of art kept causing uproars due to the unconventionalism that had been a notable with his work since the ‘Nude Descending a Staircase, No. ’. However, the fact that He did not particularly associate himself with a particular art form even if he ‘borrowed’ from it portrays the level of individualism that typified his work. Duchamp was for instance noted to detest the seriousness of the Cubists and thus abstained from contributi ng to theoretical discussions on Cubism in his brother’s study group – the Puteaux Group. (â€Å"Calvin Tomkins†) The lack of an overt ‘seriousness’ or reverence with which he approached art is perhaps summed up in his assertion about art – â€Å"I’m afraid I’m an agnostic when it comes to art. I don’t believe in it with all the mystical trimmings. As a drug it’s probably very useful for many people, very sedative, but as a religion it’s not even as good as God. † (Quoted in The World of Marcel Duchamp, 10) Duchamp’s early association with cartooning and the use of visual and verbal puns could also be seen in works that he did in later life. This was perhaps most evident in his 1920s artistic collaborations with Man Ray. Working under the pseudonym Rrose Selavy, Duchamp posed in a series of photographs where he dressed as a woman. These photographs were taken by his collaborator, Man Ray. The pseudonym – Rrose Selavy – played on language to carry across an erotic message. Rrose Selavy sounded like Eros, c'est la vie in French which translated to English means Eros, such is life. After the 1920s, Duchamp became less interested in art in general and concentrated on chess though he was noted to be involved in staging of exhibitions with the Surrealists in the 1940s. In1942 for example, his exhibition at the First Papers of Surrealism show in New York, included a woven three dimensional web in a spaces within rooms. Duchamp’s last artwork was ‘Given: 1 The Waterfall, 2. The Illuminating Gas’. This artwork could only be viewed by peeping through a hole in a wooden door, and it depicted a naked woman lying on her back with her legs spread apart and her face covered. The woman holds a gas lamp in one hand with a landscape in the background. This work was done secretly and was its exhibition came as a surprise to the art world as Duchamp was thought to have retired. (â€Å"Calvin Tomkins†) It may be argued that this last work of Duchamp not only characterised him as one of the most famous modern artists, but also a daring one who pushed the philosophical and aesthetic boundaries of art beyond conventional orthodox conceptions.

Culture and World Wide Web Essay

Basis ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can taternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned iternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, busiternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soness, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the  information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because sonto a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soke not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so

CalcI_Limits_Solutions Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

CalcI_Limits_Solutions Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers CALCULUS I Solutions to Practice Problems Limits Paul Dawkins Calculus I Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Limits.............................................................................................................................................. 2 Rates of Change and Tangent Lines......................................................................................................... 2 The Limit..................................................................................................................................................12 One-Sided Limits .....................................................................................................................................20 Limit Properties.......................................................................................................................................27 Computing Limits ....................................................................................................................................36 Infinite Limits ..........................................................................................................................................43 Limits At Infinity, Part I...........................................................................................................................56 Limits At Infinity, Part II .........................................................................................................................68 Continuity.................................................................................................................................................75 The Definition of the Limit......................................................................................................................90 2007 Paul Dawkins i http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx Calculus I Preface Here are the solutions to the practice problems for my Calculus I notes. Some solutions will have more or less detail than other solutions. The level of detail in each solution will depend up on several issues. If the section is a review section, this mostly applies to problems in the first chapter, there will probably not be as much detail to the solutions given that the problems really should be review. As the difficulty level of the problems increases less detail will go into the basics of the solution under the assumption that if youve reached the level of working the harder problems then you will probably already understand the basics fairly well and wont need all the explanation. This document was written with presentation on the web in mind. On the web most solutions are broken down into steps and many of the steps have hints. Each hint on the web is given as a popup however in this document they are listed prior to each step. Also, on the web each step can be viewed individually by clicking on links while in this document they are all showing. Also, there are liable to be some formatting parts in this document intended for help in generating the web pages that havent been removed here. These issues may make the solutions a little difficult to follow at times, but they should still be readable. Limits Rates of Change and Tangent Lines 1. For the function ( ) ( ) 2 fx x = + 3 2 and the point P given by x = 3 answer each of the following questions. (a) For the points Q given by the following values of x compute (accurate to at least 8 decimal places) the slope, mPQ , of the secant line through points P and Q. (i) -3.5 (ii) -3.1 (iii) -3.01 (iv) -3.001 (v) -3.0001 (vi) -2.5 (vii) -2.9 (viii) -2.99 (ix) -2.999 (x) -2.9999 (b) Use the information from (a) to estimate the slope of the tangent line to f x( ) at x = 3 and write down the equation of the tangent line. 2007 Paul Dawkins 2 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx Calculus I (a) For the points Q given by the following values of x compute (accurate to at least 8 decimal places) the slope, mPQ , of the secant line through points P and Q. (i) -3.5 (ii) -3.1 (iii) -3.01 (iv) -3.001 (v) -3.0001 (vi) -2.5 (vii) -2.9 (viii) -2.99 (ix) -2.999 (x) -2.9999 [Solution] The first thing that we need to do is set up the formula for the slope of the secant lines. As discussed in this section this is given by, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 33 2 3 3 3 PQ fx f x m x x + = = + Now, all we need to do is construct a table of the value of mPQ for the given values of x. All of the values in the table below are accurate to 8 decimal places, but in this case the values terminated prior to 8 decimal places and so the trailing zeros are not shown. x mPQ x mPQ -3.5 -7.5 -2.5 -4.5 -3.1 -6.3 -2.9 -5.7 -3.01 -6.03 -2.99 -5.97 -3.001 -6.003 -2.999 -5.997 -3.0001 -6.0003 -2.9999 -5.9997 (b) Use the information from (a) to estimate the slope of the tangent line to f x( ) at x = 3 and write down the equation of the tangent line. [Solution] From the table of values above we can see that the slope of the secant lines appears to be moving towards a value of -6 from both sides of x = 3 and so we can estimate that the slope of the tangent line is : m = 6 . The equation of the tangent line is then, y f mx = + = + = ( 3 3 3 6 3 ) ( ( )) ( x ) y x6 15 Here is a graph of the function and the tangent line. 2007 Paul Dawkins 3 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx Calculus I 2. For the function gx x ( ) = + 4 8 and the point P given by x = 2 answer each of the following questions. (a) For the points Q

s Mistakes

Saul’s Failures Although Saul was the chosen king, he did have his share of significant failures. In 1st Samuel 13:8-14 it describes how Saul impatiently intruded the office of a priest, yielding to the pressure of the moment. Samuel reprimands Saul saying, â€Å"Thou has done foolishly, thou has not kept the commandment of the Lord thy God, which occurs in 8:13. Saul exhibited extremism in his actions. His pendulum swung from complete inactivity and failure to lead an army against the attacking Philistines, to uttering a rash vow that insisted no one eat anything until all the Philistine army was vanquished. This not only brought Jonathon into danger, but caused the people to break the law and eat the meat with the blood. Saul was even deceitful with God. He claimed that he completely obeyed Gods instructions regarding the Amalekites when in reality he only partially obeyed the Lord. He spent his time chasing David around the wilderness, and finally consulted with a which in Endor. Saul flipped from inactivity to hyperactivity, disqualifying himself for leadership.... 's Mistakes Free Essays on Saul\'s Mistakes Saul’s Failures Although Saul was the chosen king, he did have his share of significant failures. In 1st Samuel 13:8-14 it describes how Saul impatiently intruded the office of a priest, yielding to the pressure of the moment. Samuel reprimands Saul saying, â€Å"Thou has done foolishly, thou has not kept the commandment of the Lord thy God, which occurs in 8:13. Saul exhibited extremism in his actions. His pendulum swung from complete inactivity and failure to lead an army against the attacking Philistines, to uttering a rash vow that insisted no one eat anything until all the Philistine army was vanquished. This not only brought Jonathon into danger, but caused the people to break the law and eat the meat with the blood. Saul was even deceitful with God. He claimed that he completely obeyed Gods instructions regarding the Amalekites when in reality he only partially obeyed the Lord. He spent his time chasing David around the wilderness, and finally consulted with a which in Endor. Saul flipped from inactivity to hyperactivity, disqualifying himself for leadership....

Battle Analysis for Bull Run

The battle itself was fought on July 21st, 1861, though the Union Army began executing its movements to Virginia almost a week prior. The Civil War divided the states in simple terms of a Union north and a Confederate south, with a couple undecided states in the middle. The President of the Union was Abraham Lincoln and the Confederate President was Jefferson Davis. Months prior to Bull Run President Lincoln had appointed Brigadier General Irwin McDowell to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. McDowell was a Mexican-American War veteran and West Point graduate. The commander of the Confederate Army of the Potomac was Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard, who was dubbed â€Å"The Hero of Sumter. † He was also commended for valor in the Mexican-American war and like McDowell, a graduate of West Point. The two were classmates at one point. Only months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter, the Northern public pressed to march and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, which could bring an early end to the war. Against his better judgment, BG McDowell yielded to the political pressure and on July 16, 1861, the general departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent. The Confederates found themselves at a disadvantage in mass initially, and BG McDowell wanted to keep that advantage. He ordered Union MG Robert Pattersons Army to engage BG Joseph Johnstons Army in the Shenandoah Valley, about 50 miles northwest of Manassas. The Union objective was to overwhelm the Confederate forces with a distraction flank attack to the right and a swift surprise flank to the left. With the reinforcements choked off, BG McDowell’s ambitious plan would put his Army in the Confederate capital by the end of the day. The Confederates, however, had been planning to attack the Union left, and if the attack had gone as planned it might have led to a clockwise rotation of the forces. Hundreds of excited spectators in horse-drawn carriages flocked from Washington D. C. to Manassas to watch what they thought to be a speedy Union Army defeat the Confederacy. Both the spectators and the Union Army would leave Bull Run in a hectic retreat back to Washington D. C. Each force had two Armies, one to the east and one to the west. For the Union, BG McDowell commanded the 36,000 Army of Northeastern Virginia Union troops in the east. MG Patterson commanded the 18,000 troops in the west. Within BG McDowell’s Army of five divisions there were several elements that consisted of: The 11th, 13th, 14th, 38th, and 69th New York, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Maine, the 1st Minnesota, the 5th and 11th Massachusetts, the 1st Michigan, the 1st Vermont, the 2nd Wisconsin, with Griffin and Ricketts Artillery Brigades. BG Beauregard’s Confederate Army of the Potomac consisted of 21,000 troops in the east. BG Johnston’s four Brigades of 12,800 troops were in the Shenandoah Valley to the west and were critical reinforcements. BG Beauregard’s force of six Brigades consisted of: The 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 18th, 27th, 33rd, and 49th Virginia, the Hampton Legion, the 6th North Carolina, the 7th Georgia, the 4th Alabama, Stuart’s Calvary, Elzey Regiment, Early Regiment, and the 7th and 8th South Carolina. The weapon technology used was fairly similar for both sides. Both the Union and Confederate Army relied on simple single-shot Pattern 1853 Enfield Muskets for their infantrymen. The revolvers used by the Union were mainly the new Colt Army Model 1860, and the Confederates preferred the older Colt 1851 Navy Revolver. A variety of bayonets were also an integral part of the infantrymans gear. Typically, these were socket or ring bayonets, intended to be attached to the end of the musket or rifle, and not wielded separately like a knife. The Confederate Calvary would also employ a Sabre, which was a long, lightweight single-edged slashing sword. Field Artillery also played an important role for both sides. The Union used 10-30 pound Parrott Rifles, 12 pound Napoleon smoothbores, 12 pound Howitzers, and 13 pound James Rifles. The Confederates had 6 pound guns, 6 pound rifles, 12 pound Howitzer, 10 pound Parrott Rifles, and 6 pound Cadet Guns. Both Generals had planned offensives. Much of the intelligence was concentrated on reporting the mass of the opposing forces rather than each other’s strategy. BG McDowell wanted a concentrated attack on the Confederate left flank, while BG Beauregard had planned to strike the Union left flank. From Washington D. C. the Union troops had marched southwest into Virginia, and it was at Centreville on July 20th, that BG McDowell decided to rest his weary, overheated troops and concentrate his forces. The same day, BG Johnston’s troops to the west in the Shenandoah Valley received word of the Union advances and they immediate slipped away to reinforce BG Beauregard. He never met MG Patterson’s forces. An hour after BG Johnston’s departure, MG Patterson wired BG McDowell saying he had managed to keep BG Johnston’s Army in the Shenandoah. Shortly after entering Centreville on the 20th, BG Tyler would disobey his orders and send his troops to attack the Confederate front along Bull Run. The attack was easily repulsed. With the Confederate troops dug in across the bank of Bull Run, and the majority of BG Beauregard’s force were behind them. The Union troops marched from Centreville at 0230 on July 21st. BG Tyler was ordered to initiate a diversion to the northwest at Stony Bridge at 0600. The diversion was quickly crushed by COL Evan’s Confederate forces and the feign fails. At 0830 the bayonets of McDowell’s flanking troops were spotted by one of COL Evan’s soldiers and he was warned of the Union plan to flank him. BG McDowell’s troops continued on to the left down bad roads, which would destroy his timeframe to ford Bull Run at Sudley Springs. COL Heinzelman’s Union division also missed the trail at Poplar Ford, and they were forced to stack up behind COL Hunter’s division also fording at Sudley Springs, further downstream. They arrived there at 0930, hours behind schedule.

Professional Map-D-PartA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Map-D-PartA - Assignment Example Band 2 relates to issues led and advisers roles of human resource. Band 3 of the framework illustrates the cooperative and consultant partnership. Finally, band 4 outlines colleague, client leadership, and coaching of the staffs (Stanford, 2013). The bands explain the different levels and demonstrate contributions and competencies. Hence, the framework adds value to human resource by providing a perfect harmony between professional areas and promotes good relations. In addition, it benefits organizations through comprehensive approaches to ensuring a competent team by enabling efficient transitions between bands, behaviors, and professionalism. The map adds value to Human resource by supporting employees to acknowledge necessities for achievements. Organizational application helps personnel to plan and execute efficient services based on behaviors, knowledge, and skills. The tool helps analyze professional areas to establish a perfect balance between organizational resources in order to achieve short and long-term strategies while meeting changing customer needs (Peacock, 2009). The core areas comprise of strategies, insights, and solutions that enable Leading HR. They refer to possible areas where professional promotes reasonable ideas and solutions. The strategies broadly outline efforts to improve organizational understanding and give opportunities for development of comprehensive approaches and HR skills (Stanford, 2013, p. 132). Besides, the strategies, insights, and solutions address resource management including time, skills, and potentials of enhancing their sustainability. Currently, I am working on band one at Shell Development Oman. My responsibilities include client support and administrative assistance. Particularly, I handle data management, inventory tracking, and assistance to other employees. Shell Development Oman promotes coordination and administration of the firms interests across the

Law 2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law 2 - Case Study Example In Australian law, the legal transaction involving selling or buying of property is referred to as ‘conveyancing’ (Civil Law ‘Sale of Residential Property’ Act 2003). This law deals with transfer of property ownership and the process to be followed by buyer and seller. The process is more involved with the buyer than the seller. The seller’s duty is mainly to make sure that the buyer receives good title, ensure any mortgage payout over the property is settled, and making sure the agreement cost is settled. The buyer on his part has to ensure clarity of the title, prepare documents required for the transfer, and organize the funds required for the transaction. For the situation, the buyer (Gary) should sue Sheldon for providing false documents in the contract. He is therefore, entitled to compensation as stated in section 19 of the sale of residential property. Under this section, where it is a requirement that the buyer be compensated if the statements or reports provided as per section 9, are false or misleading or are not prepared with exercise of practical skill and care, and as a result, the buyer is subjected to loss. Gary may also lose the case if it is found that it is through neglect that he got involved in the situation at hand. Gary was supposed to be extremely cautious in getting into the contract by fulfilling some of the most decisive legal requirements that would make Sheldon obligated to him. These would involve him, ensuring that all the special conditions are inserted pertaining the agreement. This would have been best if he hired a solicitor to check the contract before agreeing to sign. Through this, he would have been aware of defects in the contract such as Sheldon’s missing name and signature. It is a requirement by the sale of property in NSW, for any deposit made to be held by the seller’s agent or solicitor. The deposit is protected by legislation in the hands of solicitor or agent from any form of misuse. The

Dividend Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dividend Policy - Case Study Example The 1970s was the decade of the two great oil price shocks (1973 and 1979/80) that were to have serious effects on the world's economies. It was also a decade when the major oil companies saw a decisive change in their old concessionary relationships. Like its major competitors, BP lost direct access to most of its supplies of OPEC oil as the OPEC countries took control of production and prices. The 1973 price explosion had a dramatic effect on demand. BP's oil sales started falling for the first time since 1952 (with the exception of 1957, the year of the Suez crisis). By 1978, sales had recovered somewhat; but then came the Iranian revolution and another major rise in the price of oil. In 1979, BP suffered further blows when its assets in Nigeria were nationalised and its supplies from Kuwait cut back. By 1980, its sales were down again. The entire oil industry was affected by the events of the 1970s. But thanks to BP's large investment programme in areas outside the Middle East, the company showed, as it had done in Iran in 1951 that it could survive. As noted, of key importance were the developments of its oilfield discoveries in the North Sea and Alaska. In the autumn of 1975, BP pumped ashore the first oil from the North Sea's UK sector when it brought the Forties field on stream. This field development was financed by a bank loan of 370 million, then the largest wholly-private bank advance ever arranged. At its peak, Forties produced half a million barrels a day, equivalent to one-quarter of the UK's daily oil requirement. Today, BP's other oil- and gas-producing countries include Abu Dhabi, Australia, Colombia, Norway and Papua New Guinea The spirit of enterprise continues (mid-1970s - today) Diversification and a new structure The upheavals of the 1970s led BP to conclude that it should broaden its activities so that it could operate in the future with more balanced sources of income. Accordingly, from the mid-1970s there was increased emphasis on diversification into new areas of activity. BP's entry into the nutrition business originated in the 1950s, when the company's French researchers began to develop a process for converting oil into protein. Although the process was later discarded, BP developed other interests in nutrition. From the mid-1970s, it became involved in animal feed, animal breeding and consumer foods and related products. As a result of the purchase in 1986 of the US company, Purina Mills, BP Nutrition became one of the world's largest feed millers. In 1990, it also took responsibility for BP's household cleaning and personal care products -- successors of the old detergents business. Another industry which BP entered in the mid-1970s was minerals. BP expanded its minerals interests considerably in 1980, when, in what was then the London stock market's largest-ever takeover bid, it bought Selection Trust, the British-based mining finance house. In the following year, Standard Oil

Marketing Strategy - Orange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Orange - Essay Example However, through the course of time, the success of online retailers proved to be a factor of its resources and how it employs these to achieve its specific goals and objectives. From its humble beginnings, Tesco Plc has gained the reputation of being the largest British retailer in terms of global and local shares. It is estimated that in every  £8 UK retail sales,  £1 is spent on Tesco (Tesco Plc 2007). Recognizing the growth opportunities in the virtual marketplace, the giant retailer has decided to establish online presence during 1994. Three years after, Tesco has started an online shopping which it named Tesco Direct (Tesco Plc 2007). Since then, Tesco has started offering grocery and food items in its virtual store, Tesco.com. On August 2006, the company announced the offering of non-food items in its online store under the name Tesco Direct. This marketing strategy has proved to be very efficient and profitable for the retailing giant. During the fiscal year 2006, the company announced a total annual turnover of  £33.974 billion and reported a pre-tax profit of  £1.962 billion. Out of this,  £1.2 billion is shared by Tesco.com in terms of total revenue and  £83 million in terms of profit. Even though the share of Tesco.com is meagre compared to total turnover and profit generated by Tesco Plc, its growth has been remarkable. The fiscal year 2006 reports online sales double-digit growth of 29.2% while profits soar by 49.5% (Tesco Plc Annual Report 2006). Compared to its rivals in the UK retail industry, Tesco.com captures a higher market share at 65%. Walmart-owned Asda chain lags behind with 16% while Sainsbury corners 14% (Best 2006). Its success has also been documented as it has been named the only retailer which has been able to make online shopping profitable (Walker 2006). The recent trends and developments in the global market stress the huge emerging opportunities in online retailing. In the UK alone, there has been a sharp rise in the number of

Strategic Plan of WalMart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Plan of WalMart - Case Study Example Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is both a domestic enterprise, as well as a national discount retailer. They operate retail stores domestically in the US and various international markets. Wal-Mart operates on an "Every Day Low Price" philosophy because they are able to maintain their low price structure through complete expense control. With this philosophy they have proven to be extremely profitable domestically. Their primary task is buying from suppliers at a low cost and then reselling the goods to customers at a low price, to achieve their company philosophy of low prices and great customer service (Nelson Lichtenstein, 2006). Being in the retail industry, Wal-Mart can choose from many suppliers that provide its various stores with inventory, general buyers, and competition; including Kmart, Sears, Target, Costco discount stores also the local mom and pop stores in various neighborhoods. Wal-Mart is spread all over the Europe and this chain running successfully. But Wal-Mart in the city of Bentonville facing is some problems. Although it has many strengths but it has been facing many threats. Evaluating Wal-Marts situation in terms of the SWOT Analysis, where we will view where its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in terms of its place in the retail industry. Let’s look at what makes Wal-Mart such a dominant force and would break Wal-marts dominance both here and globally by analyzing its position in terms of the SWOT; let’s start by looking at the first part of the SWOT analysis which is the strength of the company. Strengths The strengths of their existing circulation patterns and linkages are good pedestrian orientation around the square and accessibility from other areas of the city. The buildings on the Square are built up to the sidewalk which enhance the pedestrian character. Several entries into downtown help reduce congestion. Also, the schools downtown are within walking distance of a large number of residential areas and walking to school is an option. The redevelopment of the square has provided a central place for community gatherings. The fountain, the confederate soldier statue, the benches, and traditional street lights add to downtown's identity. The statue is a part of the heritage and culture and has been stated as being "a conversational piece". The square is the center for several community activities, such as the Farmer's Market, Pickin' on the Square, and the Art Walk (Weldon Nicholson, 2006). The Wal-Mart General Office brings thousands of people downtown during the week. The Wal-Mart Visitors Center serves to bring people, (approximately 80,000 annually) especially tourists, downtown. Also, Wal-Mart Shareholder's Week provides an economic surge in the spring. Another economic strength is the presence of public services and facilities. The county and city administration offices, especially the courthouse and Bentonville being the county seat serve to anchor the downtown as a place to conduct business. Also, quasi-public businesses, such as Main Street Bentonville, the Chamber of Commerce and the Bentonville Advertising and Promotion Commission have all selected a downtown location. There are also several personal services that are beneficial to the downtown economy, such as the bank, grocery store, and dry cleaners. They serve area residents as well as the thousands of employees working downtown. Recent development activity has sparked an interest in development and location downtown. Two new brick two and three story buildings at SW A Street and SW 8th Street offer office, retail and residential space. The Bentonville Plaza, just south of the Wal-Mart Genera

Classification and division essay on types of colleges (ex. Public,

Classification and division on types of colleges (ex. Public, Private, State or University) - Essay Example Moreover, it only offers a two-year associates degree after the completion of which, it is to the discretion of the student to transfer to another college or work based on the degree provided by the community college. However, many students have been opting for a baccalaureate degree after completing a two-year program at the community college (Bridget, & Kurlaender, pp. 1-5). However, a liberal arts college is different. The basic focus is to polish the students’ abilities in terms of writing and analysis. It does not delve too much into the intricacies of specialized teaching or learning. Liberal arts colleges offer a bachelors degree at the completion of the four-year program (Aldrich, pp. 29-35). The college does not offer any program beyond the bachelors level, but it creates too interactive an environment for the limited population of students it caters to. Side by side, the United States offers public as well as private colleges. The local governments run public colleges by the taxes they collect. This is their major source of funding, and by virtue of it, they can afford a significantly lower fees than privately run colleges. Moreover, due to the lower cost it accrues to the student, it attracts many people and public colleges generally have a bigger student body than state colleges. Private colleges, on the other hand, depend on self-generated money for operating and so have a higher cost. However, the higher cost is often associated with better facilities for students and staff as well (Aldrich, pp. 49-58). Moreover, public and private universities offer courses ranging from sciences to liberal arts. Students from a broader background tend to attend these due to the diversity of offered courses at the institutions. In addition, the degrees offered are of Master’s and PhD level too. The different types of colleges discussed have been unique in one aspect or the other. The system of education

Strategic Plan of WalMart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Plan of WalMart - Case Study Example Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is both a domestic enterprise, as well as a national discount retailer. They operate retail stores domestically in the US and various international markets. Wal-Mart operates on an "Every Day Low Price" philosophy because they are able to maintain their low price structure through complete expense control. With this philosophy they have proven to be extremely profitable domestically. Their primary task is buying from suppliers at a low cost and then reselling the goods to customers at a low price, to achieve their company philosophy of low prices and great customer service (Nelson Lichtenstein, 2006). Being in the retail industry, Wal-Mart can choose from many suppliers that provide its various stores with inventory, general buyers, and competition; including Kmart, Sears, Target, Costco discount stores also the local mom and pop stores in various neighborhoods. Wal-Mart is spread all over the Europe and this chain running successfully. But Wal-Mart in the city of Bentonville facing is some problems. Although it has many strengths but it has been facing many threats. Evaluating Wal-Marts situation in terms of the SWOT Analysis, where we will view where its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in terms of its place in the retail industry. Let’s look at what makes Wal-Mart such a dominant force and would break Wal-marts dominance both here and globally by analyzing its position in terms of the SWOT; let’s start by looking at the first part of the SWOT analysis which is the strength of the company. Strengths The strengths of their existing circulation patterns and linkages are good pedestrian orientation around the square and accessibility from other areas of the city. The buildings on the Square are built up to the sidewalk which enhance the pedestrian character. Several entries into downtown help reduce congestion. Also, the schools downtown are within walking distance of a large number of residential areas and walking to school is an option. The redevelopment of the square has provided a central place for community gatherings. The fountain, the confederate soldier statue, the benches, and traditional street lights add to downtown's identity. The statue is a part of the heritage and culture and has been stated as being "a conversational piece". The square is the center for several community activities, such as the Farmer's Market, Pickin' on the Square, and the Art Walk (Weldon Nicholson, 2006). The Wal-Mart General Office brings thousands of people downtown during the week. The Wal-Mart Visitors Center serves to bring people, (approximately 80,000 annually) especially tourists, downtown. Also, Wal-Mart Shareholder's Week provides an economic surge in the spring. Another economic strength is the presence of public services and facilities. The county and city administration offices, especially the courthouse and Bentonville being the county seat serve to anchor the downtown as a place to conduct business. Also, quasi-public businesses, such as Main Street Bentonville, the Chamber of Commerce and the Bentonville Advertising and Promotion Commission have all selected a downtown location. There are also several personal services that are beneficial to the downtown economy, such as the bank, grocery store, and dry cleaners. They serve area residents as well as the thousands of employees working downtown. Recent development activity has sparked an interest in development and location downtown. Two new brick two and three story buildings at SW A Street and SW 8th Street offer office, retail and residential space. The Bentonville Plaza, just south of the Wal-Mart Genera

African Americans in the Civil War Essay Example for Free

African Americans in the Civil War Essay The role African Americans played in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was immense. The fact that the south had slaves and the north did not played an enormous role in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slavery, and the south did not and after the war started this became one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this made them an easy target, for slavery, against the dominant white man. Once the slaves got to America they started to realize how much trouble they were actually in. The north and the south had a problem brewing, and that was due to the slave uprisings and the run a ways. African Americans played an enormous role in the outcome of the Civil War because of the part they took in it. The civil war, which took place from 1861 to the 1920s, the African American community made tremendous strides toward them becoming apart of America and equals in America. Since they had been controlled by the power of the whites for so long, their independence was extremely unfamiliar to them, with their new emancipation. Since they were so uncertain, they debated about the most effect way to go about actually receiving the rights they deserved. They did not just want to be inferior Negros. Some African Americans thought the actual approach would be to go along with the submissive status the whites held them to, so they could earn their respect until fairness pervaded. Others were more wishful with their thinking and thought the military would make whites surrender and give blacks their basic rights. Those who were still they are thought that no progress would ever come. These blacks decided that it was essential to escape the shackles and cruel attitudes toward blacks. The civil war initially began to save the Union. At the start of the war slave masters were terribly scared that the slaves would run to join the Union and help the war efforts. To subsidize the problem, most owner enforced harsh restrictions on their slaves. Some owners even moved their whole plantations inland to avoid any contact with the outside northerners. This did not stop the slaves one bit though, this just caused more slave to flee to the north. The slaves that did decide to stay just demanded more freedom from their masters. Some would say the ones that stayed even gained more power; this forced their masters to give them offerings in exchange for work. The issues of emancipation and military service were intertwined from almost the beginning of the war. News from Fort Sumter made African Americans rush to enlist in military units. They were all turned away since there was a law dating from 1792 that kept African Americans from joining the U. S. army. In Boston disappointed African Americans met and passed a resolution that requested the Government to modify its laws to permit them to enlist. Then Lincoln’s Second Confiscation Act was passed. The act stated that, Confederates who did not surrender with in sixty days of the acts passage were to be punished by having their slaves freed. The Militia Act was also passed. This act stated African Americans were allowed to fight in the war. These two acts together thoroughly punished rebel slaveholders. The African Americans that enlisted both fought in the front lines and worked behind the scenes labor jobs. All these rights that the African Americans were receiving inspired them to return home and free their families and friends. Some of them even started living in the plantations that they used to be slaves of. They took them over and began their own cropping. Some of the other plantations had been left to older disabled white woman, when the men had left for the Confederate army. All of this led to the separation of slave labor in the south After trying terribly hard to keep the issue of slavery out of the war, the North decided to start enlisting African Americans to help them fight in the war. The Fifty-Fourth regiment was created by the Union Army, and was the only all black unit. This Union in particular contributed to the war efforts of the North and showed a new found power among blacks. The regiment started when John Andrew sent a request to the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, to create a volunteer regiment of African Americans (3). African Americans from all over the country joined. To help recruit even further they called for help from African American leaders like, Frederick Douglas and William Wells Brown. In just two months over one thousand African Americans, one from at least every state, had enlisted in the regiment. The leader of the regiment would not be black though, they wanted the superior officer to have some certain credentials. The job description posted read: â€Å"Young Man of Military Experience Of firm antislavery principles, ambitious, Superior to the vulgar contempt of color Having Faith in the capacity of colored men for military purpose† (2) The man picked for the job was Robert Shaw. The African American regiment and their captain set off for Beaufort, South Carolina on May 28, 1863 (1). They were to attack Fort Wagner, which was a vital key to Charleston. They only way to storm the fort was to go through loads and loads of Confederates. The sheer size of the Confederates to the Fifty- Fourth regiment was an obstacle in itself. The regiment knew the amount of obstacles they would have to overcome to achieve a victory and yet they kept marching. Shaw and a few men marched to the top of the parapet, and there Shaw was shot and killed. Though this was almost a complete disaster for the regiment they had set a path for future African American soldiers. Frederick Douglas said, Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U. S. , let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship. One thousand seventy-nine African Americans had served in the Civil War. They served in both the U. S. Army and about two thousand served in the Navy. By the time the war was over, forty thousand had died in battle and thirty thousand had died of disease and infection. African American soldiers performed all the jobs needed to run an army. They also served as carpenters, chaplains, cooks, guards, laborers, nurses, scouts, spies, steamboat pilots, surgeons, and teamsters (4). There were nearly 80 black commissioned officers (4). Harriet Tubman was the most famous spy; she served for the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers. Tubman decided to help the Union Army because she wanted freedom for all of the people who were forced into slavery, not just the few she could help by herself. And she convinced many other brave African Americans to join her as spies, even at the risk of being hanged if they were caught (4). Among Harriet Tubman were many other African American women who served as nurses, spies and scouts. Although, no women were allowed to formally join the army. When black troops were captured by the confederate soldiers, they faced harsher punishments than the white troops. In 1863 the Confederate Congress threatened to punish officers of African American troops and enslave the African Americans, if they were captured. As a result of this, President Lincoln issued General Order 233, which threatened payback on Confederate prisoners of war, if they mistreated African American troops. This order did scare the Confederates a little, but African American soldiers were still treated harsher than whites. In one of the worst examples of this abuse, Confederate soldiers shot to death black Union soldiers, captures at Fort Pillow, TN, in 1864(). Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest witnessed it all and did nothing to stop it. The President, Abraham Lincoln, issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This proclamation eventually led to the freedom of all slaves. The document officially made free all bondsmen in the areas of the Confederacy that were still in rebellion. Slavery although was not abolished in the Border States, Tennessee, or the Union occupied areas of Louisiana and Virginia. The proclamation only affected the states in rebellion, so after the efforts it didn’t actually free any slaves. On the other hand, it did strengthen the Northern war efforts, because they knew they were fighting for a cause. Over five hundred thousand slaves had escaped to the North by the end of the civil war. Many of the escapees joined the Union Army, which tremendously increased its power. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, the thirteenth Amendment was created. The Amendment created on December 18, 1865, legally freed all slaves still in bondage. The final step the Emancipation Proclamation was to depress England and France from arriving to the war on the side of the South. England and France wanted to enter the war on the South side, because the South had supplied them both with cotton and tobacco. England and Frances stance changed when they heard that the war had changed to a fight over slavery. Both nations were opposed to slavery, so ended up giving their support to the Union. That led to the winning of the fight for freedom. Juneteenth was the day created to celebrate the emancipation, when the slaves heard about it that midsummer. The holiday is still celebrated today. Abraham Lincoln said, A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall, but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. (3) African Americans along with the rest of the Union were fighting for this freedom and equality that Abraham Lincoln, was talking about. African American contributions were not limited to the role of working the fields in the south or supplying labor for industry in the north. Many African Americans in both south and north participated in either direct or supporting roles in the military. The War Between the States proved to be a war fought for democracy. The liberation that the slaves had been waiting for, recovered the ideas that founded the United States of America. All men were equal under the law. Since, the African Americans made such a persistent effort the changes were made more quickly. Africans pushed for their own emancipation by resisting their masters and other labor tasks. Although a formal Emancipation Proclamation and Thirteenth Amendment freed blacks in America, it would be a long time before they received all the rights they deserved. The minds of Americans had been so engrained with racism only decades of hard work would lessen this. Works Cited 1) Freeman, Elsie, Wynell Burroughs Schamel, and Jean West. The Fight for Equal Rights: A Recruiting Poster for Black Soldiers in the Civil War. Social Education 56, 2 (February 1992): 118-120. 2) Blacks in the Civil War. †. Colorado College. Web. 3 Mar 2013. http://www2. coloradocollege. edu/Dept/HY/Hy243Ruiz/Research/civilwar. html.

The challenges in managing employee’s performance through effective appraisal system

The challenges in managing employee’s performance through effective appraisal system Introduction Developing an appraisal system that accurately reflects employee performance is a difficult task. Performance appraisal systems are not generic or easily passed from one company to another; their design and administration must be tailor-made to match employee and organizational characteristics and qualities. This assignment highlights the importance of effective performance appraisal system with the rating errors and challenges that the organization faced in a competitive working world. First of all I give a clear understanding of what performance appraisal is and then in discussion part I look forward the problems and challenges that organizations faced while rating their employee performance through rating scale method using company examples. Later on the study discussed detailed on the critical incidents that organizations might faced and the solution. In conclusion part I suggest a modern effective performance appraisal system that can help organizations to overcome the problems and challenges they faced during evaluation of the employees. Performance Appraisal According to Hannah, P., (2009), Performance appraisal is a formal management system by which the job performance of an employee is examined and evaluated, with the intent of identifying their strengths and weaknesses for improvement in future. The procedure is conducted by the subsequent supervisor or manager Aminuddin. M (2008), States that Organizations interested in best practice are constantly and actively looking for ways to improve employees performance and motivate individual employees to achieve the best they can. In order to be effective, performance appraisal must fulfill certain criteria; performance appraisal system should be formalized so as to ensure fairness to the workers involved, a systematic appraisal of employees makes it possible to achieve various benefits like: Encouraging quality performance by rewarding those who do well Improve current performance by giving workers feedback Identify training needs Initiate fair disciplinary proceedings Provide a channel of communication between managers and their subordinates Challenges with effective performance appraisal Several problems may arise during performance appraisals. Some problem arises from the manager, some from the employees and some from other factors (Wells et.al, 1994). Most employees dislike performance appraisal interviews for fear of criticism, fear of uncertainty in handling question and fear that their salaries, promotions and their destinies with the organization hinge upon the outcomes of these interviews as justification for decisions that are already made concerning salaries, promotions and job tenures (Nelda et.al, ND). Sometimes organizations come across various problems and challenges of performance appraisal in order to make a performance appraisal system effective and successful. Determining the evaluation criteria Recent research on Compare InfoBase Limited (2007), has shown, the Identification of the evaluation criteria is one of the biggest problems faced by the top management. The performance data to be considered for evaluation should be carefully selected. For the purpose of evaluation, the criteria selected should be in a measurable term. Create a rating instrument The purpose of appraisal process is to judge the performance of the employees rather than the employee. The focus of the system should be on the development of the employees in the organization, Compare InfoBase Limited (2007). Lack of competence Top management should choose the raters or evaluators carefully. They should have the required expertise and the knowledge to decide the criteria accurately. They should have the experience and the necessary training to carry out the appraisal process objectively, Compare InfoBase Limited (2007), Errors in rating and evaluation Many errors based in personnel bias like stereotyping, halo effect may creep in the appraisal process. Therefore the rater should exercise objectively and fairness in evaluating and rating the performance of the employees, Compare InfoBase Limited (2007). Resistance The appraisal process may face resistance from the employees and the trade unions for the fear of negative ratings. Therefore, the employees should be communicated and clearly explained the purpose as well the process of appraisal. The slandered should be clearly communicated and every employee should be made aware that what exactly is expected from them, Compare InfoBase Limited (2007). One study shows that in UK, most of their Universities and colleges faced problems of performance appraisal. Simmons, J., (2001), states that, a closely related issue was the age -old appraisal dilemma of achieving an appropriate balance between the aims of control and commitment. the study shows that the traditional appraisal schemes emphasis on control by stipulating and assessing the individual employee contribution to the organization lives on within contemporary performance management system by ensuring each employees performance objectives drives from and contribute to those at departmental, divisional, or corporate level. Taylor, S., (2002), research shows that the way in which appraisal carried out in the organization and in particular, to unfair bias in managerial assessments of performance. According to him the problems with the rating systems are: The tendency to give a good overall assessment on the basis that one particular aspects has been accomplished well A tendency to avoid giving tow ratings, even when deserved, for fear of angering or upsetting a weak performer The tendency to give a poor overall assessment on the basis of particular poor performance in one area The tendency to give particular weight to recent occurrences in reaching judgments about individual performance The tendency to give high rating to people who have performed well historically, whatever their performance over the previous years A tendency to refrain, on principle from giving particular high ratings A tendency to rate subordinates at a lower level than the appraiser achieved when in their position Some of the criticism of performance appraisal are the focus will be too much on the individual and does little to develop employees. Employees and supervisors believe that the appraisal process is seriously flawed and appraisals are inconsistent, short term oriented, subjective and useful only at the extremes of performance. Problems with the ratings The drawback of essay evaluation method will be their length and content can vary considerably, depending on rater, the appraisal are difficult to compare and the writing skills of appraiser can also affect appraisal. Critical incidents drawbacks are like rater is required to jot down incidents regularly, which can be burdensome and time consuming. And this method may lead to friction between manager and employees when employees believe manager is keeping a book on them. The drawback for checklists would be raters can see positive or negative connotation of each question which introduces bias. It is time consuming to assemble questions for each job category, separate listing of questions must be developed for each job category and checklist question can have different meanings for different raters. Problems with graphic ratings scale have some weaknesses by evaluating the rates, such as evaluators are unlikely to interpret written descriptions in the same manner due to differences in background, experience and sometimes personality. So it would be better to choose categories that have little relationship to job performance and omit categories that have a significant influence on job performance. Performance appraisal can also have legal consequences in the field of discrimination on ground of sex, race and disability. This occurs when they are used as the basis of or justifications for promoting employees, increasing or decreasing individual pay levels, or selecting employees for new opportunities in the organization. Similar considerations apply where pay rates are determined as a result of performance ratings. Sometimes the law will also affect the evaluation of performance of employees and sometimes these subjective judgments can introduce bias into the system. In Brito v. Zia Company, the companys performance evaluation instrument was invalid because it did not relate to important elements in the jobs for which employees were being evaluated. Other performance evaluation lawsuits have dealt with sex, race, and age discrimination in terminations, promotions, and layoffs. Maclean, J., (2001), States that, when Canadian employment conducts an appraisal these laws prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, ethnic or national origin, sex and marital status. Problems that organization face while using 360-degree feedback would also include rate errors. Each source of feedback suffers from varying sources of potential rater error. (e.g., halo error, leniency or severity, attribution errors). By using all these differing sources of information means dealing with the all different potential avenues for rater error to seep into the evaluation. The second criticism is cost and confusion. It can often be very costly and tedious to implement a 360-degree program. The multiple sources of feedback are difficult to coordinate, may contradict each other, and are often confusing to sort out and process effectively. This puts the burden on the manager to filter through the material provided and refine in into a coherent evaluation. Critics also fear a negative attitude in 360-degree appraisal. The added sources of information may be used by a manager to bolster negative appraisals with a see I told you so approach. Finally employees alike worry about confidentiality. With so many sources of feedback about single individual floating around, it is feared that both rater and ratee may lose their rights to confidentiality. The problem with MBO is that it will be not applicable to all jobs; allocation of merit pay may result in setting short-term goals rather than important and long-term goals. Psychological appraisal would be slow and costly and may be useful for bright young members who may have considerable potential. However quality of these appraisals largely depends upon the skills of psychologists who perform the evaluation. Disadvantages for assessment centers will be Costs of employees traveling and lodging, psychologists, ratings strongly influenced by assessees inter-personal skills. Solid performers may feel suffocated in simulated situations. Those who are not selected for this also may get affected. Desseler,G., (2011), The number of things that can lead to bias during appraisals is limitless. One study focused on the raters personality. Raters who scored higher on conscientiousness tended to give their peers lower ratings , they were stricter, in other words, those scoring higher on agreeableness gave higher ratings, they were more lenient. Even the appraisals purpose biases the results. Unfortunately the appraisees personal characteristics also affect their ratings. Solutions for rating evaluations Rater training and orientation in 360-degree appraisal programs is becoming increasingly popular. Research shows that most of the American companies used to train their raters in order to minimize the problem occur during the appraisal. This training introduces employees to the concept of multiple source feedback, and it makes them aware of rater error and methods to diminish it. Rating formats that focus on the frequency of specific behaviors can also help to limit sources of errors. Desseler, G., (2011), Computer appraisal software makes dealing with the glut of incoming information easier to handle. This software can also present the wealth of available data in a simple format to give to or discuss with the employee. Desseler, G., (2011), Overall 360-degree appraisal systems provide a wealth of information about an employees behavior that might be unavailable in traditional manager evaluation formats. Customers (both internal and external), peers, subordinates, and others may all have access to unique performance data that can provide a truer picture of the individuals performance. This method of evaluation can also provide information on the state of the companys goals and needs. For example, Digital executives use the feedback from external customers to determine if the strategic plan they laid out is flattering down to employees. Federal express uses a 360 -degree feedback system as the foundation of objective goal setting. By receiving information from internal and external customers, an individual gains feedback as to what areas are seen as superior and what areas are seen as deficient. Desseler, G., (2011), this feedback is then used in a management by objectives system to define the goals for that individual according to the needs of his or her customers. These new goals help to focus employee on what is required to improve performance and achieve customer satisfaction at the same time. According to Taylor, S., (2002), we can conclude that the assessment centers will be more flexible. They are not purchased off-the-shelf like psychometric test, and are not time restricted as interviews. There is therefore a plenty of scope to introduce exercises that are of specific relevance to the job and the organization involved. For this reason, each center is likely to differ from others to a considerable degree. That said a number of exercises and types of exercises associated with assessment centers are frequently included. Desseler, G., (2011), States that well-conducted assessment center can achieve better forecasts of future performance and progress than other methods of appraisals. Also reliability, content validity and predictive ability are said to be high in assessment centers. The tests also make sure that the wrong people are not hired or promoted. Finally it clearly defines the criteria for selection and promotion. Garry Desseler, (2011), Many of American top companies have set up assessment centers where they can first interview potential employees, then evaluate them in real work situation. It provides an excellent way to evaluate an individuals capabilities so perform and entry level management job. Donald et.al, (2008), When the organization uses MBO techniques, it will increases the employees involvement in setting performance objectives and concomitantly increase the motivation required to reach those objectives. On the same time it offers and objective factual basis for measuring accomplishment and also it emphasizes results, not traits or personality characteristics. MBO is entirely job centered; it supports the psychological concept that people will exercise self direction and self control in the accomplishment of organizational objectives that they have participated in settings. Sommerville (2007), argue that performance appraisal must be free from discrimination. The appraisal criteria, the methods and documentation must be designed to ensure that they are all job related. Otherwise there will be a possibility that an employee may challenge decisions made by management based upon a flawed appraisal system in court because managers and supervisors have said or done something that has adversely affect their e employees. The Recommendations for a legally defensible appraisal system would include Procedures must not differ because of race, sex, national origin, religion, or age Use objective, non-rated, uncontaminated data A formal system of review or appeal should be available for disagreement over appraisals Use more than one independent evaluator Use a formal, standardized system for evaluation Avoid ratings on traits, such as dependability, drive, aptitude, and attitude Improvement of performance appraisals Performance appraisals usually can be improved vastly. The manager should be prepared adequately before conducting a performance appraisal interview. Many managers seem too busy to gather the needed information or to plan for an interview, resulting in frustration and confusion for the employee. The performance appraisal interview is too important and has too great an impact upon the organizational climate to be conducted without necessary information and preparation (Nelda et.al, ND). Hannah Paul, (2009) it is a usual practice in most places that, managers conduct appraisals just to justify pay increase or decrease, forgetting that the sole purpose of performance appraisal is not salary increase or decrease, but the development of employee skills and the improvement of work in the office. Besides that, it is also important to give employees feedback (whether it is a matter of money or not), on the work that they are doing. This helps build employee morale and motivates them to work even better, whereas it is also important to give critical feedback to employees, so they can get their act together. The focus of managers on performance appraisals at the end of the year, instead of working towards improving performance during the year is the main problem today. If managers focused their attention to helping employees improve their job performance it would make it easier for them to analyze it at the end of the year, instead of just rating employees based on numbers or personality traits, which is neither accurate nor fair to the employees. If managers and supervisors were to understand how much they themselves would benefit from doing this, it would make their job much easier. Recommendation Debora, F.B., et.al, (1997), one of the first steps in developing an effective performance evaluation system is to determine the organizations objectives. These are then translated into departmental and then individual position objectives working with employees to agree their personal performance targets. This allows the employee to know up front the standards by which his/her performance will be evaluated. This process involves clarifying the job role, job description and responsibilities explaining how the role and responsibilities contribute to wider goals, why individual and team performance is important and just what is expected within the current planning period. Objectives developed in this way should be reflective of the organizational goals and provide linkages between employee and organizational performance. After studying the methods that used to evaluate employee performances the best method that I could find was 360-degree feedback method and MBO method. These two methods helps to evaluate employees performance with all the important factors that an employee needs to improve in order to improve the individual levels as well as organizational level. Managers can use these two methods to evaluate employees performance and give feedback to employees about their strengths and weaknesses which they need to improve and after analyzing this, employees can work hard to achieve organizational goals to compete with others. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that, performance appraisal is generally a performance measuring tool, It is not only to identify employees job performance but it also helps managers gain information that help them make their employees work more prolific. Also vital information can be gained so that organizations may recognize the difficulties that workers face in everyday work. However it should not be forgotten that this system has a lot of flaws, and may not always be ideal for companies, but it cannot be ignored. It is an inevitable procedure which no matter how much employees or managers try to ignore it, needs to be carried out, because without it employee evaluation is not possible. One can soften it by calling it development discussions or have them on a usual basis to identify areas of improvement, but it cannot be overlooked. Developing an effective performance appraisal system requires strong commitment, from top management: if the system does not provide the linkage between employee performance and organizational goals, it is bound to be less than completely effective.

Analysis of The Stepford Wives :: The Stepford Wives Movies Film Essays

Analysis of The Stepford Wives Mildly diverting is about the best that can be said for The Stepford Wives, a remake so pointless it could be about as entertaining as daytime tv.. Adapted from Ira Levin’s chilling novel as a comedy, as opposed to the nifty 70’s thriller which made the title a household phrase, the makers have missed out one crucial ingredient: Laughs. Nicole Kidman (Moulin rouge, practical magic) plays Joanna, a burnt-out TV executive who gets fired from her job and is driven to the 50’s suburb of stepford, where rich, style-free, god awful men live with impossibly beautiful and servile women. As we arrive we already know that something is suspect and it’s not just the script†¦ The original film, though far from flawless itself, stirred in the extra ingredient of sexual politics, playing on men’s fear of powerful women abandoning the home for the workplace. In the 21st century Stepford, Kidman is a high flier whose career crash leads her to question â€Å"maybe I’ve become the wrong kind of woman† while her hapless husband (Matthew Broderick) moans â€Å"your whole attitude makes people want to kill you†. It’s an interesting idea, that women’s liberation has led to a different kind of servitude- to the boardroom not the bedroom. But it was never properly explored. To be honest, given real-life inequalities (and I know were talking movies here) in pay and conditions and the lack of women in higher management it’s stupid to suggest the struggle for women’s rights has been won. But it just isn’t very entertaining, and social issues aside, this film has about as much consistency as a pancake stuck to the ceiling, for a while there it holds on to something but in the end it falls to the floor in pieces. The director Frank Oz assumes, probably quite rightly, that the audience knows why the sisters of Stepford so slavishly serve their men, but the lack of surprise or suspense cruelly exposes a similar lack of decent jokes, some of which are chucked in at the wrong moments, which could have otherwise saved a scene or two.

Analysis of Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay e

Analysis of Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is a very well know poem by Robert Frost. The poem appears to be very simple, but it has a hidden meaning to it. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem gives it an easy flow, which adds to the calmness of the poem. The rhyme scheme (aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd) and the rhythm (iambic tetrameter) give the poem a solid structure. The poem is about the speaker’s experience of stopping by the dark woods in the winter evening with his horse and admiring the beauty of the fresh fallen snow in the forest. Then, the speaker projects himself into the mind of his horse, speculating about his horse’s practical concerns and the horse communicates by shaking his harness bells, and his head impatiently wanting to continue the homeward journey forward. The speaker also tells that he would like to stay but he has to continue home to take care of all the responsibilities before he can die peaceful. In the first stanza, I think that the speaker is familiar with the land; he knows the individual who â€Å"owns† the woods; but that owner doesn’t live on this land instead he lives in the village. The speaker implies that he is trespassing someone’s property but he doesn’t need to worry because that person is in the village and not there anywhere around. So, it’s not an ethical problem for him. He is not ashamed of trespassing somebody’s property. Instead, taking advantage of the moment, h...

Environmental Issues In Australia Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate alteration has come to a halt and is now a major political speaking point in Australia in the last two decennaries. Persistent drouth and ensuing H2O limitations during the first decennary of the 21st century are an illustration of natural events attributed by the mainstream media to climate alteration 1.1 Energy usage Australia is a major exporter and consumer of coal, the burning of which liberates CO2. Consequently, in 2003 Australia was the 8th highest emitter of CO2 gases per capita in the universe emancipating 16.5 metric tons per capita. Australia is claimed to be one of the states most at hazard from clime alteration harmonizing to the Stern study. Most of Australia ‘s demand for electricity depends upon coal-burning thermic coevals, owing to the plentiful autochthonal coal supply, limited potency for hydro-electric coevals and political involuntariness to work autochthonal uranium resources ( although Australia accounted for the universe ‘s 2nd highest production of U in 2005 ) to fuel a ‘carbon impersonal ‘ domestic atomic energy plan 2 Conservation Conservation in Australia is an issue of province and federal policy. Australia is one of the most biologically diverse states in the universe, with a big part of species endemic to Australia. Continuing this wealth of biodiversity is of import for future coevalss. A cardinal preservation issue is the saving of biodiversity, particularly by protecting the staying rain forests. The devastation of home ground by human activities, including land glade, remains the major cause of biodiversity loss in Australia. The importance of the Australian rain forests to the preservation motion is really high. Australia is the lone western state to hold big countries of rain forest intact. Forests provide lumber, drugs, and nutrient and should be managed to maximise the possible utilizations. Presently, there are a figure of environmental motions and candidates recommending for action on salvaging the environment, one such run is the Big Switch and I Love Earth. Land direction issues including clearance of native flora, reafforestation of once-cleared countries, control of alien weeds and plagues, enlargement of dryland salt, and changed fire governments. Intensification of resource usage in sectors such as forestry, piscaries, and agribusiness are widely reported to lend to biodiversity loss in Australia. Coastal and Marine environments besides have reduced biodiversity from decreased H2O quality caused by pollution and deposits originating from human colonies and agribusiness. In cardinal New South Wales where there are big fields of grassland, jobs have risen fromaa‚ ¬ † unusual to sayaa‚ ¬ † deficiency of land glade. The Daintree Rainforest, a tropical rain forest near Daintree, Queensland covering around 1200 square kilometers, is threatened by logging, development, excavation and the effects of the high tourer Numberss. 3 Invasive species Australia ‘s geographical isolation has resulted in the development of many delicate ecological relationships that are sensitive to foreign encroachers and in many cases provided no natural marauders for many of the species later introduced. Introduced workss that have caused widespread jobs are lantana and the bristly pear shrub. The debut and spread of animate beings such as the cane frog or coney can interrupt the bing balances between populations and develop into environmental jobs. The debut of cowss into Australia and to a lesser extent the warrigal, are other illustrations of species that have changed the landscape. In some instances the debut of new species can take to pestilences and the extinction of endemic species. The introduced species ruddy fox has single-handedly caused the extinction of several species. Tasmania takes the menace of ruddy fox debut so earnestly that it has a authorities sponsored taskforce to forestall fox populations from taking clasp on the island 4 Land glade In the prehistoric culture of Australia the autochthonal Australians used fire-stick farming which was an early signifier of land glade which caused long term alterations to the ecology. With European colonization land uncluttering continued on a larger graduated table for agribusiness – peculiarly for cowss, cotton and wheat production. Since European colony a sum of 13 % of native flora screen has been lost. The extinction of 20 different mammals, 9 bird and 97 works species have been partly attributed to set down glade. Land glade is a major beginning of Australiaaa‚ ¬a„?s nursery gas emanations, and contributed to about 12 per centum of Australiaaa‚ ¬a„?s entire emanations in 1998. The effects of land uncluttering include dryland salt and dirt eroding. These are a major concern to the landcare motion in Australia. The glade of native flora is controlled by Federal Torahs ( indirectly ) , State jurisprudence and local planning instruments. The precise inside informations of ordinance of flora glade differ harmonizing to the location where glade is proposed. 5 Waterway wellness The protection of waterways in Australia is a major concern for assorted grounds including home ground and biodiversity, but besides due to utilize of the waterways by worlds. The Murray-Darling Basin is under menace due to irrigation in Australia, doing high degrees of salt which affect agribusiness and biodiversity in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. These rivers are besides affected by pesticide run-off and drouth. 6 Water usage Water usage is a major sustainability issue in Australia. During times of drought Water limitations in Australia apply to conserve H2O. Climate alteration may escalate drouth in Australia seting force per unit area on H2O resources and taking to alternate H2O beginnings including building of Water armored combat vehicles, dikes, Water transit and desalinization workss many of which affect H2O catchments and set increasing force per unit area on the environment. www.tu.org/ www.abc.net.au/news/topic/mining-environmental-issues www.abc.net.au/environment/articles/2009/12/07/2764044.htm www.fwrgroup.com.au/10-environmental-problems.html www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/ †¦ /46130_2010.pd†¦